# --- Russian

m1_NAME                GAZ-M1 EMKA
m1_INFO                \n    GAZ-M1 "EMKA" Passenger car\n \nMax Speed: 100 km/h.\nFuel Capacity: 60 l.\nEmpty Weight: 1,370kg.\nEngine: GAZ-M, 50 HP (36.8kW), carburetor, liquid cooled.\nProduction year: 1936\n\nThe GAZ M-1 Passenger Car was based on a 1933 Ford model, the Ford-V8-40. On the outside, the "Emka" could be distinguished by its coating and wheels, but inside the V8 Ford engine was replaced by a GAZ-M, a copy of the Ford-BB motor. The letter M appears in the model index because the factory was named after Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR; the figure 1 stands for the model number.\n\nThe first three prototypes were assembled in January 1934. They looked like a Ford as far as coating and spoke wheels were concerned, and had small hatches instead of side cuts in the hood. Serial production started on March 17 1936. M-1 production was for the most part reduced in 1941, but assembling from a reserve of spare parts continued for some time. By June 20 1941, the Red Army had 10,500 Emkas. The total number of automobiles produced came to 62,888.\n\nThe Emka was the main command automobile in 1941-1942. Later on, this function was fulfilled by the Ford GP and GPW, Willys MA and MB.\n

gaz67_NAME             GAZ-67
gaz67_INFO             \n    Army car GAZ-67\n\nMax Speed: 90 km/h.\nFuel Capacity: 70 l\nEmpty Weight: 1,320kg\nEngine: GAZ-M, 50 HP (36.8kW), carburetor, liquid cooled.\nProduction year: 1941\n\nThis automobile was created in record time. Its first version, the GAZ-64, had simplified front wheels and notches enabling access to rear wheels, as in the Willis. The GAZ-67 differs from the GAZ-64 because it has a wider track. Since this car looked like the Willis, Soviet soldiers called them Ivan-Willis. The GAZ-67 also had modified versions: one with a rough upper part (the GAZ-67-420, only in 1944) and an amphibian version, the GAZ-011 (1945). \n\nTotal number of GAZ-67 automobiles produced: 4,851.\n\n

willis_NAME            Willys MB
willis_INFO            \n    Army car Willys MB \n\nMax Speed: 104 km/h (65 mph).\nFuel Capacity: 15 gallon\nWeight: 1,020kg.\nEngine:  73 HP (53.7kW), carburetor, liquid cooled.\nProduction year: 1940\n\nA light cross-country army vehicle, the Willys MB was created in 1940 in a very short time by three companies simultaneously: Willys, Ford and Bantam. Production started in 1941, but in July 1941 the American military department decided to combine these automobiles into one. The Willys MA was taken as the basic model, but it was also improved following maintenance experience. The new model was given the MB index. Ford started producing almost the same car under the name Ford GPW (the difference lay quite literally in the inscriptions on the bolts). The letter G stands for "Government issue" (state order), P for "Passenger" (the marking was used for tractors with a wheel base of 80 inches and carrying capacity of 1/4 tons) and W for Willys (produced to designs drawn up by the Willys company). The letters GP were for "jeep".\n\nFrom 1942, Willys vehicles were shipped to the USSR under the lend-lease program. 50,501 automobiles of this type were delivered to the USSR. The cars were used until the end of the Second World War.\n\n

zis5_NAME              ZIS-5 truck
zis5_INFO              \n    ZIS-5 truck \n\nMax Speed: 60 km/h.\nFuel Capacity: 70l.\nCarrying Capacity: 3 tons\nEmpty Weight: 3,100kg\nEngine: ZIS, 73 HP (53.7kW), carburetor, liquid cooled.\nProduction year: 1933\n\nThe ZiS-5 is the descendent of an American "Autocar" truck. In 1931, the AMO (Avtomobilnoye Moskovskoye Obschestvo: Moscow Automobile Society) factory was rebuilt and started assembling the new AMO-2 truck (which looked like the ZiS-5 on the outside). Some sets and units were supplied from abroad. Soon the AMO-2 was modernized and the AMO-3 and AMO-4 appeared. In 1933, the AMO factory underwent another major modernization and was renamed the ZiS (Zavod imeni Stalina: named after Stalin). Prototypes appeared in the su mmer of 1933 and, from October 1, serial production of the famous ZiS-5 started. Together with the GAZ-AA, the ZiS-5 became the main truck used by the USSR till the fifties.\n\nThe construction of the "three-ton truck", as it was called by the people, was classic for that time. It had a bearing frame, a leading back axle, spring suspension without shock absorbers, mechanical brake drive and wooden crew compartment upholstered with tin plates.\n\nThe total number of ZiS-5 cars produced was 83,000.\n

zis5r_NAME             ZIS-5 radio
zis5r_INFO             \n    Remote radio control ZIS-5 \n\nMax Speed: 60 km/h.\nFuel Capacity: 70 l\nWeight: 3,700kg\nEngine: ZIS, 73 HP (53.7kW), carburetor, liquid cooled.\nProduction year: 1940\n\nThis was a special automobile based on the ZIS-5 truck. It was employed in Red Army military units as a mobile radio communication car and used till the end of World War II.\n \n

zis5a_NAME             ZIS-5 AA
zis5a_INFO             \n    Anti-aircraft machine gun on ZIS-5 chassis\n\nMax Speed: 60 km/h.\nFuel Capacity: 70 l\nWeight: 3,600kg\nEngine: ZIS, 73 HP (53.7kW), carburetor, liquid cooled.\nProduction year: 1941\n\nIn World War II, the 25 mm automatic anti-aircraft gun was widely used by the military units of the Red Army for fighting aircraft at distances of up to 2,400m and at altitudes of up to 2,000m. If need be, one could fire from it at light tanks and armored cars. High anti-aircraft gun mobility was ensured by the stationary mounting of the gun on the ZIS-5 truck chassis. Due to the ZIS-5s good carrying capacity (3 tons), it successfully fulfilled the role of a mobile base for anti-aircraft mounting.\n\nThe 25 mm anti-aircraft automatic gun on the ZIS-5 truck chassis was used till the end of World War II.\n  \n

zis5m_NAME             ZIS-5 medical
zis5m_INFO             \n    Medical ambulance station on ZIS-5 chassis\n\nMax Speed: 60 km/h.\nFuel Capacity: 70 l\nWeight: 4,330 kg\nEngine: ZIS, 73 HP (53.7kW), carburetor, liquid cooled.\nProduction year: 1940\n\nThis was a special automobile based on the ZIS-5 truck. It was employed in military units of the Red Army as a medical car for transporting the sick and wounded, and was used till the end of the Second World War.\n\n

ZIS6_fuel_NAME         ZIS-6 fuel truck
ZIS6_fuel_INFO         \n    Fuel Supply car on ZIS-6 chassis\n\nMax Speed: 55 km/h.\nInternal Fuel Capacity: 70 l\nCarrying Capacity: 3,200 l\nWeight: 4,230 kg\nEngine: ZIS, 73 HP (53.7kW), carburetor, liquid cooled.\nProduction year: 1937\n\nSerial production of the triaxial ZIS-6 truck was launched in 1937 at the Moscow factory named after Stalin, right after it had mastered production of the ZIS-5 truck. From the structural point of view, the ZIS-6 was a triaxial version of the ZIS-5 truck and was to a large extent unified with it.\n\nThree bridges gave the ZIS-6 good passability on wet, dirty roads, swampy soil, snow and sand.\n\nThe ZIS-6 chassis served as the basis for a Fuel Capacity car, which was produced from 1935 to 1941. It could simultaneously supply several vehicles with filtered fuel or transport fuel, and was used as a device for preparing fuel mixture using different types of fuel. \n\nFrom 1941, a simplified modification was produced, featuring an uncoated tank of larger size, square welded wings and a wood (not metal) upholstered crew compartment. \n

stud_NAME              US-6 Studebecker truck
stud_INFO              \n    US-6 "Studebecker" army truck\n\nMax Speed: 70 km/h.\nFuel Capacity: 150 l.\nWeight: 4,850 kg.\nEngine: Hercules JXD, 95 HP (69.9kW), carburetor, liquid cooled.\nCarrying capacity: 2.5 tons\nProduction year: 1941\n\nThe "Studebecker" was a vehicle with improved passability. The US-6 Studebecker was developed by the Studebecker company in 1941 when the government program for equipping land forces was implemented. The overall number of automobiles produced during World War II came to 197,000. The USSR received Studebeckers under the lend-lease program. Shipments amounted to about 100,000 automobiles.\n\nStudebeckers (or "Studers" as they were called) proved their worth as reliable and durable cars in battle conditions. These were cars with improved passability ensured by a powerful engine, three leading axes (wheel formula 6x6) and the high placement of all water-sensitive parts and mechanisms. Although their indicated carrying capacity was 2.5 tons, they successfully transported up to 5 tons on properly surfaced roads. However, unlike Soviet trucks, Studebeckers required fuel and lubrication of better quality.\n\n

studR_NAME             Rocket launcher
studR_INFO             \n    BM-13N Mobile Rocket Launcher using the "Studebecker" chassis as its basis\n\nMax Speed: 50 km/h.\nFuel Capacity: 70 l.\nWeight without shells: 7,100kg.\nArmament: 16 missiles M-13 (or M-20, M-30, M-13-UK) of 132 mm caliber.\nEngine: ZIS, 73 HP (53.7kW), carburetor, liquid cooled.\nProduction year: 1943\n\nBM-13 launchers were produced by several companies with varying production potential. This might explain why its construction went through more or less material modifications depending on the production methods adopted by the factory in question. This was the reason why a unified (standardized) BM-13N launcher was adopted in April 1943. While creating the mounting, the designers carried out a critical analysis of all units and details in an attempt to increase technological effectiveness and reduce costs. Like the BM-13, this battle car could fire M-13 missiles or the new improved M-20, M-30 and M-13-UK missiles (improved grouping).\n\nAn essential factor, which increased the tactical mobility of BM-13N-armed missile artillery units, was the use of a powerful American Studebecker US-6 truck shipped to the USSR under the lend-lease program as a launcher base.\n\nThe creation of this launcher led to the final completion of work on the "Katusha" BM-13 serial battle car, which took part in battles in this form till the end of the war.\n

katu_NAME              Katiusha
katu_INFO              \n    BM-13 "Katiusha" Mobile Rocket Launcher\n\nMax Speed: 50 km/h.\nFuel Capacity: 70 l\nWeight without shells: 7,200kg\nArmament: 16 M-13 missiles of 132 mm caliber.\nEngine: ZIS, 73 HP (53.7kW), carburetor, liquid cooled.\nProduction year: 1940\n\nAfter aviation adopted 82 mm RS-82 air-to-air missiles (1937) and 132 mm RS-132 air-to-surface missiles (1938), the main artillery department set the Reactive Scientific Research Institute the following challenge: a missile field salvo system was to be created based on the RS-132 missiles. The tactical/technical task was set in June 1938. By the summer of 1939, the Institute came up with a new 132 mm high-explosive fission-fragment shell marked M-13. In comparison with the aviation RS-132, the shell had larger flight range (8,470m) and a much more powerful battle unit (4.9kg). A self-propelled multiple-charge launcher was developed for the shell. Its first version was created on the model of the ZIS-5 truck and marked MU-1 (mechanized unit, first sample). It had 24 rocket rails mounted on a special frame. Trials conducted on proving grounds from December 1938 to February 1939 showed that the mounting did not fully meet requirements. The trial results were taken into consideration and a new MU-2 launcher was developed. The mounting was based on the ZIS-6 truck. It had 16 guides placed along the axis of the car with 16 missiles on them. All 16 missiles could be fired in 7 to 10 seconds. Based on the results of trials conducted on testing grounds, it was decided to adopt the mounting under the name BM-13.\n\nDuring the war, the first "Katushas" (battle cars for field missile artillery BM-13) were continuously undergoing various improvements based on front-line experience. In particular, launchers were mounted on more vehicles that were more powerful than ZIS-6 automobiles and had increased passability. \n\nThe BM-13 was successfully used on all fronts throughout World War II. \n

ba10_NAME              BA-10
ba10_INFO              \n    BA-10 (1938 model)\n\nType: Medium Armored Car\nCrew: Four\nArmament: 45  mm 20K gun, 2 DT 7.62  mm machine-guns \nAmmo: 49 shells; 2,079 rounds.\nArmor: front and sides - 10  mm, rear - 6 to 10  mm, roof - 6  mm, bottom - 4  mm, turret - 10  mm.\nMax Speed: 53 km/h \nRange: 300 km.\nEngine: GAZ-M1, 40 HP (29.4kW), carburetor, liquid cooled.\nWeight: 5.12 tons\n\nThe best and the most common mass-produced Soviet medium armored car. From 1938 till August 1941, 3,311 units were produced.\n\nMain modifications:\n\nBA-10 - GAZ-AAA chassis, shortened 600  mm. Cylindrical turret. Strengthened front axle with hydraulic shocks, central brake in transmission, enhanced ventilation and engine compartment cooling systems. Some of the vehicles were equipped with a wireless station with a flagpole antenna.\nBA-10M - Strengthened armor protection for the front machine-gun mounting, petrol tanks located outside. Fighting weight: 5.36 tons.\nBA-10 - BA-10 adapted for movement along rail track.\n\nThe BA-10 was used on all fronts till 1944. BA-10 armored automobiles were used for reconnaissance and battle infantry protection. On some occasions, the BA-10 was successfully employed against enemy tanks.\n

ba64_NAME              BA-64
ba64_INFO              \n    BA-64 (1942 model)\n\nType: Light Armored Car\nCrew: Two\nArmament: DT 7.62  mm machine-gun \nAmmo: 1,260 rounds\nArmor: front - 9 to 15  mm, sides - 7 to 9  mm, rear - 7 to 11  mm, roof - 6 mm, bottom - 4  mm, turret - 10  mm.\nMax Speed: 80 km/h \nRange: 540 km.\nEngine: GAZ-MM, 50 HP (36.8kW), carburetor, liquid cooled.\nWeight: 2.36 tons\n\nThe most common mass-produced and single serial all-wheel drive (4x4) Soviet light armored car of the Second World War. From April 1942 to April 1945, the GAZ factory produced 8,174 units. \n\nMain modifications:\n\nBA-64 - Chassis of GAZ-64 car. Welded hull with large angles of armored plates. Welded turret of cut form, open from above.\nBA-64B - Chassis of GAZ-67 car. Track widened to 1,446 mm, two shock absorbers added to the front suspension. No other modifications introduced.\n\nThe BA-64 was mainly used as a reconnaissance and communication vehicle, as well as for guarding headquarters. These reliable automobiles were in use on all fronts until the war was over. The last time they were employed in battle was in Korea. Armored automobiles were adopted till the end of the fifties.\n\n

zen25_NAME             25mm AA cannon
zen25_INFO             \n    25 mm automatic anti-aircraft gun 72-K, 1940 model\n\nCaliber: 25  mm.\nInitial shell speed: 900 m/sec.\nRate of fire: 240 rounds./min.\nMax. shooting range: 6,000 m.\nWeight: 1,170 kg.\nProduction year: 1940\n\nThe 72-K anti-aircraft gun was developed in 1940 by a design office run by M.N. Loginov. It consists of a submachine gun with automatic anti-aircraft sight, mounting with laying mechanisms, balancing mechanism, shield protection and cart. Firing could be uninterrupted (automatic) or single. The barrel of the gun was equipped with an easily replaceable pipe, which had to be replaced if it became overheated from uninterrupted fire or in case of damage. A flame extinguisher was placed on the barrel to prevent gun layers from being blinded at shooting and to muffle the noise of the gun. Following the experience of using guns to shoot at ground targets (from 1943 on), the gun was equipped with a shield to protect gunner and gun from bullets and shell splinters.\n\nThe 25 mm automatic 72-K anti-aircraft gun was widely used by the Red Army for combating aircraft at distances of up to 2,400m and at altitudes of up to 2,000m. If need be, one could fire it at light tanks and armored cars.\n\nThe total number of 25 mm anti-aircraft guns (1942 model) supplied by the industry to the Red Army in the war years was 4,560 units.\n\n

minaA_NAME             85mm AA cannon
minaA_INFO             \n    85 mm anti-aircraft gun, 1939 model\n\nCaliber: 85  mm.\nInitial shell speed: 800-880 m/sec.\nRate of fire: 20 rounds./min.\nMax. shooting range: 15,650m.\nWeight: 4,500 kg.\nProduction year: 1939\n\nFollowing a sharp increase in the speeds and ceilings of fighter aircraft in the prewar years, a powerful new 85 mm anti-aircraft gun was developed in 1939 by the design office of a factory named after M.I. Kalinin. There was very little time available to develop the new system, and this led to the placement of an 85 mm barrel on the platform of a 76 mm anti-aircraft gun (1938 model) and the use of its lock and automatic machinery.\n\nAfter undergoing test trials in 1939, the gun was perfected and adopted by the Red Army.\n\nIts construction peculiarities and the wide range of ammo developed and produced for it made this a suitable gun for shooting at air targets and enemy soldiers and destroying weapon emplacements and mobile armed targets.\n\nThe 85 mm anti-aircraft gun (1939 model) was extremely widely used in Red Army military units. Sub-divisions of these guns ensured protection of front-line units from the air and air-defense of administrative centers and industrial plants. They were adopted by anti-aircraft artillery divisions till the end of World War II.\n\n

minaP_NAME             76mm ZIS-3
minaP_INFO             \n    76 mm divisional gun ZIS-3, 1942 model\n\nCaliber: 76.2 mm\nInitial shell speed: 680 m/sec.\nRate of fire: up to 25 rounds/min.\nMax. shooting range: 13,290m\nDirect shot range: 820m\nWeight: 1,200 kg.\nProduction year: 1942\n\nThe new ZIS-3 gun project was started in late 1940 after successful trials of the 57 mm anti-tank ZIS-2 gun. It had the following configuration: a ZIS-2 gun carriage and modified F-22USV gun barrel with good ballistic characteristics, equipped with a dual brake for reducing gun-carriage load. In early 1941, the new gun - marked ZIS-3 - went through factory tests but was only adopted by the Red Army in 1942. \n\nThe Red Army had three ZIS-3 varieties at its disposal:\n - Gun with lock from 57 mm anti-tank gun with button sear.\n - Gun with simplified lock and lever sear, with 27 deg. elevation angle.\n - Gun with simplified lock, but with 37 deg. maximum elevation angle.\n\nThe 76.2 mm divisional gun, model 1942 (ZIS-3), was successfully used by the Red Army forces during the Second World War. The gun was rightly recognized by experts - including German experts - as one of the most brilliant constructions in the history of barrel artillery.\n

mina8_NAME             152mm ML-20
mina8_INFO             \n    152 mm ML-20 gun-howitzer, 1937 model\n\nCaliber: 152 mm.\nInitial shell speed: 655 m/sec.\nRate of fire: 3-4 rounds./min.\nMax. shooting range: 17,230m.\nWeight: 7,270 kg.\nProduction year: 1936\n\nThe ML-20 gun-howitzer was created in 1936. At the end of 1936, after the conclusion of state trials, the ML-20 was adopted by the Red Army. Thanks to its construction, the ML-20 represented a gun with unique firing maneuverability. It had howitzer-typical curved fire trajectories and a high initial shell speed, peculiar to guns.\n\nThe construction of the under-spring gun-carriage with rubber-tired doubled wheels made it possible to transport the gun with a medium artillery caterpillar tractor at relatively high speeds of up to 25 km/h.\n\nThe ML-20 gun-howitzer was produced throughout the war and was adopted by the army artillery of the Supreme Command reserve.\n\n

# --- USA

Bofors_40mm_NAME       Bofors
Bofors_40mm_INFO       \nBofors 40 mm AAA\n\nType: Anti-aircraft artillery gun, towed using wheeled carriage or stationary mount as on ships.\nCaliber: 40 mm HE shell Mark 2 (US) with various type fuses, 4 or 8 round clips\nType of fire: Single or automatic\nRate of fire: maximum ROF in automatic 120 rounds per minute.\nShell speed/muzzle Velocity: 2,870 feet per second\nMaximum shooting range: 9,475 with armor-piercing, 5,200 with tracer (to tracer burnout)\nWeight:  approx. 5,900 pounds complete weapon with computing sight\nMax. Elevation: 90 degrees\nMax. Depression on carriage: -6 degrees\nMax. Depression on jacks: -11 degrees\nProduction year: various, throughout war years and beyond\n\n Bofors 40 mm Anti-aircraft artillery, designed in Sweden by the Bofors Company and adopted by US and British (also most other Allied nations) forces in WW2 and beyond for anti-aircraft use (could also be used against ground targets.)  A well-known and powerful clip-fed AAA weapon with good accuracy and fast rate of automatic fire.\n\n\n\n
StBofors_40mm_US_NAME  static Bofors
StBofors_40mm_US_INFO  \nBofors 40 mm AAA\n\nType: Anti-aircraft artillery gun, towed using wheeled carriage or stationary mount as on ships.\nCaliber: 40 mm HE shell Mark 2 (US) with various type fuses, 4 or 8 round clips\nType of fire: Single or automatic\nRate of fire: maximum ROF in automatic 120 rounds per minute.\nShell speed/muzzle Velocity: 2,870 feet per second\nMaximum shooting range: 9,475 with armor-piercing, 5,200 with tracer (to tracer burnout)\nWeight:  approx. 5,900 pounds complete weapon with computing sight\nMax. Elevation: 90 degrees\nMax. Depression on carriage: -6 degrees\nMax. Depression on jacks: -11 degrees\nProduction year: various, throughout war years and beyond\n\n Bofors 40 mm Anti-aircraft artillery, designed in Sweden by the Bofors Company and adopted by US and British (also most other Allied nations) forces in WW2 and beyond for anti-aircraft use (could also be used against ground targets.)  A well-known and powerful clip-fed AAA weapon with good accuracy and fast rate of automatic fire.\n\n\n\n
M3_75mm_GMC_NAME       SPG M3
M3_75mm_GMC_INFO       \n75mm Gun Motor Carriage M3, 1941\n\nType: tank-destroyer\nCrew: 5\nArmament: M1897A4 75mm gun, pintle mounts for defensive MGs\nAmmo: 59 rounds 75mm HE/APC/AP/Chem\nArmor: maximum - 0.5 in. (12.72 mm), minimum - 0.25 in. (6.35 mm), gunshield - 0.625 in. (16 mm) \nMax Speed: 45 mph (72 km/h)\nRange: 200 mi. (322 km)\nEngine: 147 HP (109.6 kW) White 160AX 6-cylinder gas engine\nWeight: 20,000 lbs. (9,072 kg)\n\nFollowing Germany's Blitzkrieg across Europe, the Army recognized a need for highly mobile anti-tank units. In 1941, an ad-hoc solution was rushed into service with the pairing of a M1897A4 75mm gun (which differed little from the old French "Seventy-five" of World War I) on a slightly modified M3 half-track chassis.  \n\nSituated on a pedestal mount behind the driver's cab, the gun offered a limited firing arc over the front of the vehicle.  Early versions used the standard flat gunshield from the towed 75mm gun, but later versions carried a wrap-around shield offering superior protection for the gun crew.  Despite the age of the gun, the 75mm could still fire a shell at 2,000 ft/sec (610 m/sec) and pierce 3 in. (76.2 mm) of steel at 1,000 yards (914 m), offering respectable penetration for early in the war.  Unfortunately, the low velocity of the round made long-range accuracy difficult.  \n\nThe first conversions were raced to the Phillipines as the war in the Pacific began, but could do little to stem the invading Japanese Army.  Further experience with the M3 GMC in North Africa proved the type to be lacking in it's role as a tank-destroyer.  Unless the first shot hit home, the lightly armored M3 stood little chance in a duel with a tank. It's poor showing in Africa and later Sicily lead to the withdrawal of the M3 GMC from tank-destroyer units, and transfer to artillery roles.\n\nIn the Pacific, however, the M3 GMC--and other similar pairings of guns and howitzers with the M3 half-track--proved very successful as bunker-busters supporting Army and Marine units fighting tenaciously dug-in Japanese troops.\n\nConversions based on the later M3A1 half-track differed only in the mount used for the 75mm gun.\n\nBy 1944, the type was declared obsolete and replaced by newer designs like the M10 and M18 in tank-destoyer units.\n\n\n\n\n
M3A1_APC_NAME          M3A1
M3A1_APC_INFO          \nHalf-track Personnel Carrier M3A1, 1943\n\nType: armored personnel carrier\nCrew: 3 plus 10 passengers \nArmament: 1 x .50 cal (12.7mm) Browning MG in a "pulpit" ring-mount behind the cab, plus up to 3 x .30 cal (7.62 mm) Browning MGs on pintle mounts.\nAmmo: 7,750 rounds .30 cal (7.62 mm), 700 rounds .50 cal (12.7mm)\nArmor: maximum - 0.5 in. (12.72 mm), minimum - 0.25 in. (6.35 mm)\nMax Speed: 45 mph (72 km/h)\nRange: 200 mi. (322 km)\nEngine: 147 HP (109.6 kW) White 160AX 6-cylinder gas engine\nWeight: 20,000 lbs. (9,072 kg)\n\nWorking from French designs of the 1920s, U.S. commercial firms undertook development of an indigenous half-track design for the Ordance Department, culminating in September of 1940 with the Half-track M2, and with minor modifications, the Half-track Personnel Carrier M3.  Making extensive use of commercial, interchangeable components, the M2 and M3 and their derivatives were produced in the tens of thousands, with many supplied to Allied nations through Lend-Lease. The new half-tracks were in service by late-1941.\n\nThe basic M3 was armed with either a single .30 cal (7.62mm) MG or .50 cal (12.7mm) MG on a pedestal mount and carried a standard U.S. rifle squad cross-country with protection from small-arms fire and shrapnel.  The half-track allowed infantry units to keep pace with armored units at the frontlines, and proved an essential component of mobile warfare. However, the lack of overhead protection for occupants was a serious drawback of the design and would lead the U.S. military towards newer APC designs by the end of WWII.\n\nIn October of 1943, the standard M3 was replaced on the production lines by the M3A1 with improved defensive armament. Production of M3A1s reached 2,862 vehicles plus 1,360 M3 conversions.\n\nThe M2/M3 series provided the basis for a wide variety of special purpose vehicles, including mortar carriers, anti-aircraft platforms, anti-tank gun carriers and mobile howitzers.\n\n\n\n
M8_Greyhound_NAME      M8 Greyhound
M8_Greyhound_INFO      \nM8 Greyhound\n\nType: Armored Car\nCrew: 4\nArmament: \t37mm M6 gun\n\t\t.30 coaxial\n\t\t.50 AAA\nArmor: 16mm (hull front); 9mm (hull sides and rear); 19mm (turret front, sides and rear)\nMax Speed: 56 mph\nEngine: 1 x Hercules JXD\nEngine Power: 110 PS\nEngine RPM: 3,000 RPM\n\nOriginally designed as a tank destroyer, the 37mm weapon proved completely inadequate during WWII. It was therefore mostly used as a support or reconnaissance vehicle. \nM8s saw extensive service in the Philippines and Okinawa in the Pacific.\n\n\n\n
_50calMG_water_US_NAME .50 AAA
_50calMG_water_US_INFO \n.50 caliber water cooled AAA\n\nType: Water cooled recoil operated automatic machine gun\nCaliber: .50 (12.7 mm)\nRate of fire: 400 to 550 RPM\nShell speed/muzzle Velocity: 853.4 mps (2,930 fps)\nMaximum shooting range: 2,287 m (2,500 yards)\n\nThe venerable Browning M2 is probably one of the best machine guns ever designed. The development on this weapon started in the late 1890s, and it entered service in 1917. Its still in service to this day, having seen combat in every war United States was involved in in all these years. It will most likely celebrate its 100th birthday still in service with United States armed forces.\nIts water-cooled variant was not used as extensively. Mounted on a tri-pod it was used as an anti-aircraft weapon.\n\n\n


# --- Jap

Kurogane_NAME          Kurogane
Kurogane_INFO          \nType 95 Passenger Car "Kurogane"\n\nType: 4x4 compact passenger car\nIntroduced Year: 1935\nWeight: 1 ton\nDimensions: 3.6 x 1.5 x 1.7(h) m\nMax speed: 70 km/h\nEngine: air-cooled 1.2-litre V2 petrol\nCapacity: 3 passengers\nProduction: 4,755 units\nManufacturer: Nihon Nainenki\n\n\nThe Type 95 (nicknamed "Daruma") was a small 4x4 car (resembling the US \nJeep) and was used for scouting and\ngeneral purpose transport. The air-cooled two-cylinder engine was converted \nfrom a motocycle engine.\nThe bodywork of the late model was simpler than the curved lines of the \nearly model, which it superceded\non the production lines.\n\n\n\n\n
HoHa_NAME              Ho-Ha
HoHa_INFO              \nType 1 Ho-Ha APC\n\nType: Armored Personnel Carrier\nCrew: 15\nArmament: 3 x Type 97 7.7mm\nArmor: 8mm (max)\nMax Speed: 50 km/h\nLength: 6.1 m\nWidth: 2.1 m\nHeight: 2.51 m\nEngine Type: Diesel\nEngine Power: 234 PS\nEngine RPM: 2,000 RPM\n\nThis half-track entered service with the Japanese army in 1944. Its the only half-tracked APC to serve with the Japanese army. It could transport 12 troops, or 2 tons of cargo.\n\n\n
Type98_20mm_JA_NAME    AA Gun Type 98
Type98_20mm_JA_INFO    \nType 98 20mm AA Machine Cannon\n\nType: Light AA cannon\nCaliber: 20mm\nRate of fire: 260 rpm\nShell speed/muzzle Velocity: 950 m/s\nMaximum shooting range: 3,500 m\nWeight:  373 kg\nMax. Elevation: 85 deg\nHorizontal traverse: 360 deg\n\nAs the war progressed Japanese Army began shifting focus towards producing more anti-aircraft weapons and equipping virtually every soldier with weapons capable of shooting down enemy planes.\nThe 1938-model 20mm anti-tank gun was thus redesigned and fitted with new sights and other changes to make it capable of engaging both tanks on the ground and aircraft in the air. Some 2,600 were produced during the war.\n\n\n\n
Twin25mm_JA_NAME       AA Cannon Type 96 X2
Twin25mm_JA_INFO       \nType 96 25mm AA Machine Cannon\n\nType: Light AA cannon\nCaliber: 25mm\nRate of fire: 220-260 rpm\nShell speed/muzzle Velocity: 900 m/s\nMaximum shooting range: 5,500 m\nWeight:  1,100 kg\nMax. Elevation: 85 deg\nHorizontal traverse: 360 deg\n\nThis gun was based on the Vickers 40mm design. In 1936 the regulation was issues to convert it to 25mm. \nIt became the most important Japanese AAA gun of the war, with over 33,000 produced and used as a stand-alone weapon, or mounted on ships.\n\n\n
Trip25mm_JA_NAME       AA Cannon Type 96 X3
Trip25mm_JA_INFO       \nType 96 25mm AA Machine Cannon\n\nType: Light AA cannon\nCaliber: 25mm\nRate of fire: 220-260 rpm\nShell speed/muzzle Velocity: 900 m/s\nMaximum shooting range: 5,500 m\nWeight:  1,100 kg\nMax. Elevation: 85 deg\nHorizontal traverse: 360 deg\n\nThis gun was based on the Vickers 40mm design. In 1936 the regulation was issues to convert it to 25mm. \nIt became the most important Japanese AAA gun of the war, with over 33,000 produced and used as a stand-alone weapon, or mounted on ships.\n\n\n
Type94_37mm_JA_NAME    AT Gun Type 94
Type94_37mm_JA_INFO    \nType 94 37 mm AT Gun\n\nType: Anti-Tank Gun\nCaliber: 37mm\nRate of fire: -\nShell speed/muzzle Velocity: 700 m/s\nMaximum shooting range: 6,700 m\nWeight:  327 kg\nMax. Elevation: 25 deg\nHorizontal traverse: 30 deg (left or right)\n\nThis gun saw continuous service with the Japanese Army from the war with China to the war with the United States in the Pacific. Usually horse-drawn or sometimes attached to tractors, 4 of these were issues on average to all infantry regiments. However the number could sometimes vary from 2 to 12. \nAltogether the production of the Type 94 lasted for nine years between 1934 and 1943, and some 3,400 were produced.\n\n\n\n

# --- Germany

vw82_NAME              Kuebelwagen
vw82_INFO              \n    VW type 82 "Kuebelwagen" \n\nMax Speed: 83 km/h.\nFuel Capacity: 30 l.\nWeight: 1,175kg\nCarrying capacity: 450 kg\nEngine: VW Boxer 1.131L, 25 HP (18.4kW), carburetor, liquid cooled.\nProduction year: 1939\n\nA prototype army passenger car, the "Kubelwagen" - VW Type 62 was developed in 1938 by Volkswagen. The next and most common mass-produced modification was the VW Type 82 model. This was a complete modification of the VW Type 62. It featured the following improvements on the prototype: increased ground clearance, changed transmission gear ratio and additional back-axle gearbox. The Kubelwagen body was assembled from thin tin plates strengthened lengthwise. The body had four doors, a folding front glass and a tarpaulin flap roof.\n\n52,000 type 82 Kubelwagens were produced. They were used in all Wehrmacht forces till the end of the Second World War for transporting ammo, fuel and personnel, evacuation of the wounded and as mobile workshops.\n\n

kadett_NAME            Opel Kadett
kadett_INFO            \n    Opel Kadett \n\nMax Speed: 98 km/h.\nFuel Capacity: 27+5 l.\nWeight: 757 kg\nEngine: Opel, 23 HP (16.9kW), carburetor, liquid cooled.\nProduction year: 1936\n\nThis automobile was in serial production from 1936 to 1943 in three modifications: the Opel-Kadett (model 11234), the K38 and the KJ38. The Opel-Kadett replaced the obsolete Opel-P4 and was soon squeezed out itself by the new Opel-Kadett K38 version at the end of 1937. The K38 differs from the 11234 in its radiator coating, side slots for hood ventilation and wheel disks (with holes for 11234 and without holes for K38). At the same time, Opel produced the KJ38 model (Kadett-Junior, model 3300), which was more traditional from a technical point of view, but could be distinguished on the outside only through the absence of a back buffer. In construction, the KJ38 differs from the K38 by its spar frame availability, normal front suspension with lengthwise semi-elliptical springs and dependent front suspension, simplified equipment and the absence of a back buffer. Wehrmacht military units used the Opel Kadett passenger car exclusively as a commander's car throughout the Second World War.\n\n\n

bike_NAME              BMW bike
bike_INFO              \n    BMW motorcycle with side-car\n\nMax Speed: 100 km/h.\nFuel Capacity: 12 l.\nWeight: 165 kg\nEngine: BMW M69 one-cylinder, 12 HP (8.8kW), carburetor.\nProduction year: 1932\n\nBMW motorcycles (Baierische Motoren Werke AG) were at the Wehrmacht military units' disposal from the beginning to end of the Second World War. These were modifications of one-cylinder motorcycles:\nBMW-\u042035, 1937-1940, 342 cc, about 15,386 units produced;\nBMW-\u04204, 1932-1937, 398 cc, about 15,295 units produced;\nBMW-\u04202, 1931-1936, 198 cc, about 15,207 units produced;\nBMW-\u042023, 1938-1940, 247 cc, about 9,021 units produced;\nBMW-\u042020, 1936-1938, 192 cc, about 5,000 units produced;\nBMW-\u04203, 1936, 305 cc, about 740 units produced;\nBMW-R39, 1925-1926, 247 cc, about 855 units produced.\n\n

opel36_NAME            Opel Blitz 3,6-36S
opel36_INFO            \n    Medium truck Opel Blitz 3,6-36S\n\nMax Speed: 85 km/h\nFuel Capacity: 92l\nWeight: 3,000kg\nCarrying Capacity: 3.1 tons\nEngine: Opel, 75 HP (55.1kW), carburetor, liquid cooled.\nProduction year: 1937\n\nThe Opel Blitz 3,6-36S (the "S" index stands for standard rear-geared chassis) was a medium-sized three-ton truck. Serial production of the Opel Blitz 3,6-3700A continued from 1937 to 1944. The total number of units produced was 70,000. Three-ton Opel Blitz 3,6-36S trucks were used till the end of the Second World War.\n\n

opel67_NAME            Opel Blitz 3,6-3700A
opel67_INFO            \n    Medium truck Opel Blitz 3,6-3700A\n\nMax Speed: 85 km/h.\nFuel Capacity: 92l.\nWeight: 3,350kg\nCarrying capacity: 3.1 tons\nEngine: Opel, 75 HP (55.1kW), carburetor, liquid cooled.\nProduction year: 1940\n\nThe Opel Blitz 3,6-3700A (the "A" index stands for Allrad (full-driving - 4x4)) was a medium-sized three-ton truck. Serial production of the Opel Blitz 3,6-3700A continued from 1940 to 1944 at the Brandenburg/Havel factory. The total number of units produced was 25,000. The three-ton Opel Blitz 4x2 and 4x4 trucks were the most successful mass-produced Wehrmacht trucks and were employed till the end of the Second World War.\n\n

opel67M_NAME           Opel Blitz 6700 medical
opel67M_INFO           \n    Medical ambulance on Opel Blitz 3,6-3700A chassis\n\nMax Speed: 85 km/h.\nFuel Capacity: 92 l.\nWeight: 3,500\nEngine: Opel, 75 HP (55.1kW), carburetor, liquid cooled.\nProduction year: 1940\n\nA special automobile based on the medium-sized Opel Blitz 3,6-3700A truck. It was adopted by Wehrmacht units as a medical car for transporting the sick and wounded and was employed till the end of the Second World War.\n\n

opel67R_NAME           Opel Blitz 6700 radio
opel67R_INFO           \n    Remote radio communication automobile Opel Blitz 3,6-36S\n\nMax Speed: 85 km/h.\nFuel Capacity: 92l.\nWeight: 3,100\nEngine: Opel, 75 HP (55.1kW), carburetor, liquid cooled.\nProduction year: 1937\n\nThis special automobile was based on a medium three-ton rear-driving Opel Blitz 3,6-36S truck. It was used by Wehrmacht units as a mobile radio communication car till the end of World War II.\n\n

opel67F_NAME           Opel Blitz fuel truck
opel67F_INFO           \n    Fuel-supplier Opel Blitz 3,6-3700A\n\nMax Speed: 85 km/h.\nFuel Capacity: 9 l.\nCarrying Capacity: 3,200l.\nWeight: 4,000kg \nEngine: Opel, 75 HP (55.1kW), carburetor, liquid cooled.\nProduction year: 1940\n\nThis fuel-supplier was based on a medium three-ton full-driving Opel Blitz 3,6-6700A truck chassis. It was in serial production from 1937. It could serve several users with fuel simultaneously, transport fuel and transfer fuel from one fuel tank to another. \n\nThe Opel Blitz 3.6-36S fuel-supplier was used in the course of the Second World War by both Wehrmacht land units and Luftwaffe forces.\n

RSO_NAME               RSO
RSO_INFO               \n    Raupenschlepper Ost (RSO) - Artillery carrier East\n\nMax Speed: 20 km/h.\nRange: 250 km.\nWeight: 3,800 kg.\nTractive force: 3 tons\nEngine: Steyr V8, 85 HP (62.6kW), carburetor, liquid cooled.\nProduction year: 1942\n\nThis carrier was developed in 1942 on the initiative of the Steyr company and based on sets and units of the Steyr 1500 truck. It was designed to increase the mobility of Wehrmacht provision sub-units on the Eastern front (Ost = East). Serial production was carried out by the following companies: Steyr, Klockner-Deutz-Magirus, Ulm Graf und Stift and Wanderer. Over 28,000 units were produced from 1942 to 1945.\n\nMain modifications:\n\nRSO (Steyr) - Light caterpillar truck - tractor with all-metal two-seater heated crew compartment and wooden load platform with tarpaulin top. Steyr V8 engine.\nRSO (KHD/Magirus) - Steel crew compartment of simplified form with tarpaulin top. Deutz F4L514 engine, carburetor, liquid cooled, 65 HP (47.8kW).\n7.5cm Pak 40/4 auf Raupenschlepper Ost (Sf) - 75 mm anti-tank Pak 40/4 gun on Ost tractor chassis. Low-profile armored crew compartment (armor thickness: 5 mm). Gun behind staff shield placed in the middle of open body with folding wooden rims. Crew: Four. Fighting weight: 5.2 tons.\nRSO mit 2 cm Flak 38 - 20 mm automatic anti-aircraft Flak 38 gun placed in the body of linear tractor.\n\nLight RSO caterpillar tractors were used mostly for transporting goods in military provision units on the Eastern front, in Italy and Western Europe. They were frequently employed for towing anti-tank guns of up to 75 mm caliber, light field howitzers and all sorts of trailers. This vehicle was very popular with the troops due to its durability and reliability.\n

mault_NAME             Maultier halftrack
mault_INFO             \n    Half-track truck Sd.Kfz.3a - m.Gleisk 2t Maultier (Opel)\n\nMax Speed: 40 km/h.\nFuel Capacity: 92 l.\nWeight: 3,950\nCarrying capacity: 2 tons\nEngine: Opel, 75 HP (55.1kW), carburetor, liquid cooled.\nProduction year: 1942\n\nThe half-track Maultier ("Mule") truck was developed in 1942 in the context of the truck modernization program which aimed at increasing passability in Eastern front conditions. The half-track chassis was developed specially for the Eastern front where increased demands were made regarding passability - demands which were not always met, even by full-driving automobiles. Instead of a back axle, a track trolley of the Carden-Loyd type was installed which was like the one used on the Pz.Kpfw.I tank. The leading axis was moved forward and the standard cardan shaft was replaced with a shorter one. In addition to the track trolley, brake levers were installed which acted on the rear axis brake drums. Thanks to this innovation, the Maultier could maneuver like a tank with the help of caterpillars.\n\nMaultier serial production was carried out by Ford, Klockner-Humboldt-Deutz, Opel and Daimler-Benz with 4 main modifications. From 1942 to 1944 about 21,960 units were produced.\n\nMain modifications:\n\nSd.Kfz.3a - m.Gleisk. LKW 2t Maultier (Opel) - half-track Opel 3,6 - 36S/SSM truck. Created by exchanging the back leading axle of the three-ton Opel Blitz 3,6 - 36S truck for a caterpillar mover of the Carden-Lloyd type. Equipped weight: 3.95 tons. Carrying capacity: 2 tons. Range: 160 km.\nSd.Kfz.3b - m. Gleisk. LKW2t Maultier (Ford) - half-track Ford V3000S/SSM truck. Based on the three-ton Ford G398TS/V3000S truck, using a Carden-Lloyd mover.\nSd.Kfz.3c - m. Gleisk. LKW2t Maultier (Klockner-Humboldt-Deutz) - half-track KHD S3000/ SSM truck. A three-ton truck with a Carden-Lloyd caterpillar mover instead of the back axle. Based on the KHD S3000 automobile. Equipped weight: 4.65 tons. Carrying capacity: 2 tons. Max. speed: 38 km/h. Range: 170 km.\nSd.Kfz.4 - s. Gleisk. LKW 4 1/2t Maultier (Daimler-Benz) - heavy half-track Mercedes-Benz L4500P truck. Created by exchanging the back leading axle of the 4.5-ton Mercedes-Benz L4500S truck for a caterpillar mover from the light Pz.II tank. Equipped weight: 7.75 tons. Carrying capacity: 4.5 tons. Max. speed: 36 km/h. Range: 200 km.\n\nMule trucks underwent practically no modifications. In some military units, soldiers installed 20 and 37 mm guns on a small number of Ford and Mercedes-Benz trucks respectively.\n\n

maultAA_NAME           Maultier with  AA cannon
maultAA_INFO           \n    Sd.Kfz.3a with 2cm Flak 38\n    20 mm anti-aircraft Flak 38 gun on the chassis of the \n    half-track Sd.Kfz.3a - m.Gleisk 2t Maultier truck\n\nMax Speed: 40 km/h.\nFuel Capacity: 92 l.\nWeight: 4,500 kg\nArmament: anti-aircraft automatic Flak 38 gun of 20 mm caliber.\nEngine: Opel, 75 HP (55.1kW), carburetor, liquid cooled.\nProduction year: 1942.\n\nThe 20m automatic anti-aircraft Flak 38 gun was a means of air defense that was fairly widely used by the Wehrmacht, Luftwaffe and SS military units. However, its effectiveness was compromised by its limited maneuverability. In response to this problem, anti-aircraft guns were mounted on half-track Mule trucks in some military units. As a rule, these were 20 and 37 mm automatic Flak 30/38 and Flak 36 guns. These self-propelled anti-aircraft guns were a fairly effective means of fighting aircraft flying at low and medium altitude with a speed of up to 540-600 km/h, and light armored targets.\n\n

maultR_NAME            Maultier with rockets
maultR_INFO            \n    15 cm Panzerwerfer 42 auf Sf (Sd.Kfz.4/1)\n\nType: Mobile Rocket Launcher\nCrew: Four\nArmament: 1x10 150 mm Nebelwerfer launcher of 41 caliber, 7.92 mm MG 34 (or MG 42) machine-gun.\nAmmo: 20 shots; 2,000 rounds.\nArmor: front, sides and rear - 8 mm, roof and bottom - 6 mm, launcher armored cap -10 mm.\nMax Speed: 40 km/h.\nRange: 130 km.\nEngine: Opel 75 HP (55.2kW), carburetor, liquid cooled.\nWeight: 7.1 tons\n\nThis was developed in 1942 and based on the half-track Maulter truck made by Opel. From April 1943 to March 1944, serial production continued of versions of a launcher and ammo transporting vehicle - the Munitinskraftwagen. Opel factories produced 296 self-propelled guns and 251 ammo-transporting vehicles.\n\nThe self-propelled gun represented a fully-armored half-track vehicle. A 10-barrel Nebelwerfer 41 missile launcher was placed in its rear part on a rotary armor dome ensuring a 360-degree horizontal pointing angle and a +45-degree vertical pointing angle. The firing range for a fission-fragment demolition mine weighing 34 to 36 kg was 7 km.\n\nThe self-propelled vehicle was created for increasing mobility and rate of fire, using a "six-barrel mortar" - the 150 mm Nebelwerfer 41. Some vehicles were armed with 80 mm (with 24 directing) R-Vielfachwerfer rocket salvo mountings used by the Waffen SS.\n\nThe vehicle for ammo transporting differed from the battle vehicle by the absence of a launcher.\n\n

sdkfz_NAME             Hanomag
sdkfz_INFO             \n    Mittlerer Shutzenpanzerwagen Sd.Kfz.251/1 Ausf.C "Hanomag" \n\nType: Armored Personnel Carrier\nCrew: Two + 10 troopers, most often panzergrenadiers\nArmament: two 7.92 MG 34 (or MG 42) machine-guns.\nAmmo: 2,100 rounds.\nArmor: front - 10-15 mm, side and rear - 8 mm, MTO roof - 6 mm.\nMax Speed: 53 km/h.\nRange: 300 km.\nEngine: Maybach HL 42TUKRM, power 100 HP (73.6kW), carburetor, liquid cooled.\nWeight: 8 tons\n\nA medium half-track armored personnel carrier intended for transporting motorized infantry squads. It was created on the basis of the half-track Sd.Kfz. 11 artillery tractor by Hanomag (chassis) and Bussing-NAG (armored frame).\n\nSerial production was carried out by Hanomag, Borgward, Hansa-Lloyd-Goliath, Weserhutte, Wumag, Schichau, MNH, Stoewer, Deutsche Werke and Evans+Pistor in four basic modifications - A, V, C and D, which differed from each other mostly in frame construction. From June 1939 to March 1945, 15,252 vehicles were produced.\n\nThe "Hanomag" was produced in 23 specialized variants that differed from each other in armament and equipment. The versions were marked with figures, e.g. Sd.Kfz.251/3 or Sd.Kfz.251/16. It is worth mentioning that a specialized version of the armored troop carrier could belong to any of the four modifications: the Sd.Kfz.251/3, for example, was produced on the basis of the Ausf.A or Ausf.D.\n\nSd.Kfz.251 armored troop-carriers were used by the Wehrmacht, SS troops and the Luftwaffe on all fronts till the end of the war. On March 1 1945, the troops had 6,540 units at their disposal. A small number of these cars were given to German allies - Romania, Hungary and Finland. The Trophy Sd.Kfz.251 (often rearmed) was used both by the Allies and the Red Army.\n\nAfter World War II, the modernized armored troop-carrier Sd.Kfz.251/1 Ausf.D was produced in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic for some time and was adopted by the Czechoslovak People's Army right into the eighties under the name OT-810.\n\n

kett_NAME              Kettenkrad
kett_INFO              \n    Half-track motorcycle NSU HK-101 -Kettenkrad (Sd.Kfz.2)\n\nMax Speed: 70 km/h.\nFuel Capacity: 42 l.\nWeight: 1,280 kg\nCarrying capacity: 325 kg\nTractive force: 450 kg\nEngine: Opel Olimpia, 36 HP (26.5kW), carburetor, liquid cooled.\nProduction year: 1940\n\nThe half-track motorcycle is the most famous German multipurpose tractor of the Second World War. It was developed in 1940 by NSU in the town of Nekkarsulm on the orders of the Heereswaffenamt, the department responsible for the technical provision of land forces. In all, about 8,345 units were produced by NSU and Stoewer between 1940 and 1944.\n\nMain modifications:\nSd.Kfz.2 - bearing welded frame. Stamped front wheel with motorcycle type bracket. Motorcycle driver's seat in the fore-part of the frame. Automobile engine in the middle, a seat for two in the rear part.\nSd.Kfz.2/1 - Sd.Kfz.2 with equipment for transporting field cable.\nSd.Kfz.2/2 - Sd.Kfz.2 with equipment for transporting heavy field cable.\n\n Developed as a light tractor for rifle troops in the mountains, the NSU half-track motorcycle quickly made itself useful in all types of German armed forces where it was used for towing light mountain and anti-aircraft guns, mortars, reels with telephone cable and all sorts of trailers. Due to its good cross-country passability and ability to move on the notoriously bad Russian roads, this half-track motorcycle became very popular with the soldiers on the Eastern front.\n\n In the post-war years, the car was used for a long time in agriculture, forestry and the postal service in mountainous areas.\n

minaM_NAME             20mm AA cannon
minaM_INFO             \n    20 mm automatic anti-aircraft Flak 29 "Oerlikon" gun\n\nCaliber: 20 mm.\nInitial shell speed: 831 m/sec.\nRate of fire: 450 rounds./min.\nMax. shooting range: 3,000m.\nWeight: 450 kg.\n\nThe 20m automatic anti-aircraft "Erlikon" gun was adopted by Germany and used by land forces and the Navy. Thanks to its high rate of fire and accuracy at high altitudes, it was employed with great success for hitting low-flying air targets.\n

minaL_NAME             88mm AA cannon
minaL_INFO             \n    88 mm anti-aircraft Flak 18 gun\n\nCaliber: 88 mm.\nInitial shell speed: 795-820 m/sec.\nRate of fire: 15-20 rounds./min.\nMax. shooting range: 12,000m.\nWeight: 5,000 kg.\nProduction year: 1928\n\nThis might well be the most famous gun of the Second World War. It was developed by Krupp in the town of Essen in cooperation with the Swedish company Bofors. Shipments to Wehrmacht anti-aircraft military units started in 1933.\n\nThe 88 mm Flak 18 gun was first used in battle conditions during the civil war in Spain. Several batteries of these guns were given to the German Condor legion and were used successfully, not only for fighting aircraft, but also against ground targets - primarily tanks. Learning from battle experience in Spain, armor-piercing and cumulative shells were developed for the 88 mm guns and these guns were designed for interaction with field troops and were equipped with a shield to protect gunners from gunfire as well as shell and bomb splinters. To increase the mobility of anti-aircraft guns used in anti-tank defense, they were placed on a tank chassis; thus these powerful 88 mm anti-tank self-propelled guns were created.\n\nThe 88 mm Flak 18 gun was constantly going through modifications and a whole family was produced during World War II - the Flak 18, Flak 36, Flak 37 and Flak 41. They are rightly judged to be formidable Wermacht weapons and were equally effective against aircraft, armored weapons and equipment and long-term weapon emplacements.\n

minaO_NAME             50mm Pak-38
minaO_INFO             \n    50 mm anti-tank Pak-38 gun\n\nCaliber: 50 mm.\nInitial shell speed: 549-1,180 m/sec.\nRate of fire: 12-14 rounds./min.\nMax. shooting range: 9,400 m.\nWeight: 1,000 kg.\nProduction year: 1938 \n\nThe Pak-38 guns were developed to replace an earlier 37 mm Pak-35/36 gun that had low armor piercing.\n\nIt was adopted while preparing the attack on the Soviet Union. Wehrmacht headquarters supposed that the Red Army had a large number of lightly armored tanks, but the appearance of the T-34 and KV tanks featuring anti-shell armor on the battlefield was an unpleasant surprise. The armor-piercing power of the Pak-38 gun turned out to be insufficient for fighting these tanks from long distances; it was thus replaced by a more powerful 75 mm gun. From the second half of 1944, the Pak-38 gun was mainly used only in training and occupation units.\n\n\n

minaN_NAME             150mm field howitzer
minaN_INFO             \n    150 mm heavy field howitzer, 1918 model\n\nCaliber: 150 mm\nInitial shell speed: 520 m/sec.\nRate of fire: 4-6 rounds./min.\nMax. shooting range: 13,325m.\nWeight: 5,512 kg.\nProduction year: 1918\n\nHeavy field howitzers (1918 model) were produced by Reinmetal and Krupp and were used to equip one of the four artillery regiment divisions of each infantry division (three four-gun batteries). The same howitzer was adopted by some heavy artillery divisions and used in main-thrust military operations.\n\n150 mm howitzers with a shooting range of 13,325m were widely used for combating artillery and destroying enemy tanks and soldiers on initial positions, destroying long-term weapon emplacements and shelling rear objects. The 150 mm heavy field howitzer (1918 model) was used by Wehrmacht military units throughout World War II and, according to expert opinion, excelled itself. To increase howitzer mobility, a self-propelled "Hummel" ("Bumblebee") gun was developed on the basis of the 1918 model. It was sent to the artillery regiments of tank divisions and SS troops.\n\nApart from the 150 mm heavy field howitzer (model 1918), the Wehrmacht used a vast and varied array of artillery guns from start to finish of the war.\n\n

